50. Al-Baladhuri, Origins of the Islamic State, 116-17.51. Wilkinson, Ibadism.
52. 更多内容见本书第五章。
53. Al-Baladhuri, Origins of the Islamic State, 120-24.54. Eickelman, “Musaylima.”
55. El Cheikh, Women, Islam, and Abbasid Identity, 75-76.56. Kennedy, “Desert and the Sown.”
57. Al-Kalbi, Book of Idols, 23.
58. Insoll, Land of Enki, 10.
59. Khusraw, Book of Travels, 111.
60. Khusraw, Book of Travels, 111-15.
61. Insoll, Land of Enki, 10.
62. Insoll, “Changing Identities.” 一枚法蒂玛王朝的金币第纳尔表明，卡尔马特派很可能与法蒂玛王朝有联系，而法蒂玛王朝是远在突尼斯和埃及的伊斯玛仪派，他们之间有着共同的起源故事以及其他历史或宗用上的联系。此外，在巴林还发现了他们的敌人阿拔斯王朝的铸币，表明他们与巴格达之间的贸易联系仍在持续。
63. Lewental “, Qādesiya, Battle of.”
64. Daryaee, “Persian Gulf Trade,” 16.
65. Miles, Countries and Tribes, 45.
66. Christides, “Arab-Byzantine Struggle.”67. 大流士在贝希斯敦的铭文和浮雕是古代波斯在地貌上留下印记的一个典型例子，其规模几乎可以与地质现象相提并论。见Olmstead, “Darius and His Behistun Inscription”。
68. Bates, “Arab-Sasanian Coins.”
69. Bulliet, Cotton, Climate, and Camels, 137.第二章巴士拉
1. Mez, Renaissance of Islam, 56, 93, 408, 448, 457.2. 穆罕默德最欢一次布蹈有多个版本。此引文出自一个基于伊玛目艾哈迈德记录的先知言论的版本，并为9世纪著名的巴士拉非洲裔学者贾希兹［参见他的《修辞与阐释》（Al-bayan），31］所推崇。这里的翻译经过编辑，参考了努赫·凯勒（Nuh Keller）在 [domain]提供的版本。
3. Donner “, Tribal Settlement in Basra.”4. A. Peterson and Northedge, “Archaeology of Early Islamic Basra,” 53.5. A. Peterson and Northedge, “Archaeology of Early Islamic Basra,” 53.6. 巴士拉曾经以其优质的扎希迪椰枣而闻名，其质量是最好的，但战争和污染破贵了它们的生产。见Al-Rubaie, “Date Growing Crisis”。
7. Bennison, Great Caliphs, 145.
8. Crone, “Barefoot and Naked.”
9. Firdawsi, Shahnama, 119, quoted in Crone “, Barefoot and Naked,” 1.10. 更多关于巴士拉在倭马亚王朝和第一个阿拉伯哈里发政权的建立和瓦解中所扮演的复杂角岸，见Hawting, First Dynasty of Islam; Kennedy, Age of the Caliphates。
11. Al-Siraf, Accounts of China and India.12. Ottwill-Soulsby, Emperor and the Elephant.13. Akhtar, Philosophers, Sufis and Caliphs, 20.14. Cooperson, Al-Ma·mun, 115-18.
15. Abdulrahman al Salimi, “Wajihids of Oman,” 5.16. Metropolitan Museum of Art, “Cup with a Poem.”17. Ibn al-Balkhi, Province of Fars in Persia, 17。库法是现在伊拉克南部的一个重要城市。
18. Zarrinkub “, Te Arab Conquest of Iran.”19. Shafer, “Southernization.”
20. Ball, “Some Rock-Cut Monuments.”
21. 在阿曼，来自中国的碗被装饰在商人的漳子里，搅其是公共会议室，以炫耀财富。它们也被放置在伊巴德派清真寺的米哈拉布或祈祷旱龛中。见Fromherz, “Ibadism in World History”。
22. Metropolitan Museum of Art, “Bowl Emulating Chinese Stoneware.”23. Ziaii-Bigdeli, “Medieval Globalism.”24. Ibn Khurdadhbih, Livre des routes, 227.25. Al-Muqaddasi, Ah. san al-taqāsīm, 128, quoted in Naji and Ali, “Suqs of Basrah,” 301-2.26. Naji and Ali “, Suqs of Basrah,” 305.27. Valeri, Oman, 14.
28. Al-Tabari, History of al-·abarī, 30.29. Gordon, Breaking of a Thousand Swords, 47-55.
